Essential verses to understand this topic
وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ
Your God is one God; there is no deity [worthy of worship] except Him, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ
O Children of Israel, remember My favor which I have bestowed upon you and fulfill My covenant, that I will fulfill your covenant.
يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لَا تَغْلُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ إِنَّمَا الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُ
O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word.
Important terms related to this topic
وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ
“Your God is one God; there is no deity [worthy of worship] except Him, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.”
The fundamental truth of God's oneness.
إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ships which sail through the sea with that which profits people... are signs for a people who use reason.”
Signs of the Creator in creation.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُبَابًا
“O people, an example is presented, so listen to it carefully: Those whom you call upon besides God can never create even a fly.”
The powerlessness of false gods.
مَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
“They did not give God His true due. Indeed, God is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.”
God's true majesty.
أَمْ خُلِقُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخَالِقُونَ
“Were they created by nothing, or are they themselves the creators?”
Logical proof of the Creator.
أَمْ خَلَقُوا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بَل لَا يُوقِنُونَ
“Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather, they are not certain.”
Challenge to deniers of God.
أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ
“Have those who disbelieved not seen that the heavens and the earth were once joined together, then We split them apart? And We made from water every living thing.”
Scientific signs of creation.
هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ
“It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases—that you may know the number of years and account of time.”
Precision in cosmic design.
إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ
“Indeed, in the alternation of the night and the day and what Allah has created in the heavens and the earth are signs for a people who fear Allah.”
Signs for the mindful.
وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَهَا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
“And the sun runs on course toward its stopping point. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.”
The sun's ordained path.
لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْقَمَرَ وَلَا اللَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
“It is not allowable for the sun to reach the moon, nor does the night overtake the day, but each, in an orbit, is swimming.”
Perfect celestial order.
فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُنَّسِ الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ
“So I swear by the retreating stars—those that run their courses and disappear.”
The hidden celestial bodies.
وَتَرَى الْجِبَالَ تَحْسَبُهَا جَامِدَةً وَهِيَ تَمُرُّ مَرَّ السَّحَابِ صُنْعَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي أَتْقَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ
“And you see the mountains, thinking them rigid, while they will pass as the passing of clouds. It is the work of Allah, who perfected all things.”
God's perfect craftsmanship.
أَوْ كَظُلُمَاتٍ فِي بَحْرٍ لُجِّيٍّ يَغْشَاهُ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ سَحَابٌ
“Or like darknesses within an unfathomable sea which is covered by waves, upon which are waves, over which are clouds—darknesses, some of them upon others.”
Layers of deep sea darkness.
الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا مَا تَرَى فِي خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَنِ مِنْ تَفَاوُتٍ فَارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرَى مِنْ فُطُورٍ
“[He] who created seven heavens in layers. You do not see in the creation of the Most Merciful any inconsistency. So return your vision—do you see any breaks?”
Flawless creation.
ثُمَّ ارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيْنِ يَنْقَلِبْ إِلَيْكَ الْبَصَرُ خَاسِئًا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ
“Then return your vision twice again. Your vision will return to you humbled while it is fatigued.”
Challenge to find flaws.
أَفَلَا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى الْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ
“Then do they not look at the camels—how they are created?”
Reflection on creation.
وَإِلَى السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ
“And at the sky—how it is raised?”
The elevated sky.
وَإِلَى الْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ
“And at the mountains—how they are erected?”
Mountains firmly set.
وَإِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ
“And at the earth—how it is spread out?”
The earth spread for living.
